The South African warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) is a medium-sized wild pig adapted to savanna and open woodland habitats, known for its distinctive facial warts and curved tusks.
Warthogs are medium-sized, with males weighing 60–150 kg and females 45–75 kg, standing 63–85 cm at the shoulder and measuring 0.9–1.5 m in body length. They have two pairs of tusks: the upper tusks can grow up to 25.5 cm and curve backward, while the lower tusks are shorter but razor-sharp, used for defense and combat. Facial warts, made of thick skin and cartilage, protect the face during fights; males have an additional pair above the tusks.
Breeding in South Africa occurs between September and December, with a gestation period of about three months. Litters range from 1 to 8 piglets, each weighing around 600 g at birth.
Warthogs are omnivorous, feeding on grasses, roots, berries, bark, fungi, insects, eggs, and carrion. Their diet varies seasonally: during wet seasons, they graze on short grasses, while in dry seasons, they rely on bulbs, rhizomes, and roots. They are powerful diggers, using both snouts and feet, and often occupy abandoned aardvark burrows.
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